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José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
Dr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia y Velasco (January 6, 1766 – September 20, 1840) was a Paraguayan lawyer and politician, and one of the first leaders of Paraguay following its independence from Spain.
He is considered to be the ideologue and main political leader who brought forward the independence of Paraguay from the Spanish Empire, the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata and the Empire of Brazil.
== Early life and education ==
Francia was born in Yaguarón, in modern-day Paraguarí. Francia's father was an officer turned tobacco planter from São Paulo, Brazil, and his mother was a Paraguayan descended from Spanish colonisers. He was christened Joseph Gaspar de Franza y Velasco, but later used the more popular name Rodriguez, and changed ''Franza'' to the more Spanish ''Francia''. Although his father was simply García Rodríguez Francia (Portuguese: ''Garcia Rodrigues França''), the dictator inserted the particle ''de'' to style himself "Rodríguez de Francia y Velasco".
He studied at the monastery school of San Francisco, Asunción, originally in training for the Catholic priesthood, but never entered it. On April 13, 1785, after four years studying, he became a doctor of theology and master of philosophy at the University of Córdoba,〔John Hoyt Williams, The rise and fall of the Paraguayan republic page 21〕 in what would soon become Argentina. Eventually, he was to become a lawyer and learn five languages: (Guarani, Spanish, French, Latin and some English). During his studies, he was influenced by the Enlightenment and later the French Revolution. Francia was disgusted by Paraguay's class system imposed by Spain, and as a lawyer would defend the less fortunate against the affluent.
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